Measure Description
Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older undergoing isolated CABG surgery (without pre-existing renal failure) who develop postoperative renal failure or require dialysis
Instructions
This measure is to be submitted each time an isolated CABG procedure is performed during the performance period. It is anticipated that Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) eligible clinicians who provide services for isolated CABG will submit this measure. This measure is intended to reflect the quality of the surgical services provided for isolated CABG or isolated reoperation CABG patients. Isolated CABG refers to CABG using arterial and/or venous grafts only.
Measure Submission Type:
Measure data may be submitted by individual MIPS eligible clinicians, groups, or third-party intermediaries. The listed denominator criteria are used to identify the intended patient population. The numerator options included in this specification are used to submit the quality actions as allowed by the measure. The quality-data codes listed do not need to be submitted by MIPS eligible clinicians, groups, or third-party intermediaries that utilize this modality for submissions; however, these codes may be submitted for those third-party intermediaries that utilize Medicare Part B claims data. For more information regarding Application Programming Interface (API), please refer to the Quality Payment Program (QPP) website.
Denominator
All patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery
Denominator Criteria (Eligible Cases):
All patients aged 18 years and older on date of encounter
AND
Patient procedure during the performance period (CPT): 33510, 33511, 33512, 33513, 33514, 33516, 33533, 33534, 33535, 33536
OR
Patient procedure during the performance period (CPT): 33510, 33511, 33512, 33513, 33514, 33516, 33533, 33534, 33535, 33536
AND
Patient procedure during the performance period (CPT): 33530
AND NOT
DENOMINATOR EXCLUSION:
Documented history of renal failure or baseline serum creatinine ≥ 4.0 mg/dL; renal transplant recipients are not considered to have preoperative renal failure, unless, since transplantation the Cr has been or is 4.0 or higher: G9722
Numerator
Patients who develop postoperative renal failure or require dialysis; (Definition of renal failure/dialysis requirement - patient had acute renal failure or worsening renal function resulting in one of the following: 1) increase of serum creatinine to ≥ 4.0 mg/dL or 3x most recent preoperative creatinine level (acute rise must be at least 0.5 mg/dL), or 2) a new requirement for dialysis postoperatively)
Numerator Instructions:
INVERSE MEASURE - A lower calculated performance rate for this measure indicates better clinical care or control. The “Performance Not Met” numerator option for this measure is the representation of the better clinical quality or control. Submitting that numerator option will produce a performance rate that trends closer to 0%, as quality increases. For inverse measures, a rate of 100% means all of the denominator eligible patients did not receive the appropriate care or were not in proper control.
Numerator Options:
Performance Met: Developed postoperative renal failure or required dialysis (G8575)
OR
Performance Not Met: No postoperative renal failure/dialysis not required (G8576)
Rationale
In 2000, CABG surgery was performed on more than 350,000 patients at a cost of close to $20 billion. Some degree of Acute Renal Dysfunction (ARD) occurs in about 8% of patients following CABG, and dialysis-dependent renal failure occurs in 0.7% to 3.5% of patients receiving CABG. The latter is associated with substantial increases in morbidity, length of stay, and mortality (odds ratios for mortality range from 15 to 27). ARD is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and length of stay in an ICU following surgery. In addition, Acute Renal Failure occurs in 1.5% of patients undergoing any type of cardiac surgery. There has been a substantial increase in postoperative morbidity, mortality, and cost associated with this relatively common complication, regardless of whether or not this incidence varies much between providers, and there are implications of even a modest decrease in its incidence.
Clinical Recommendation Statements
Acute Renal Failure following CABG is an intermediate outcome measure for mortality since this complication is independently associated (OR=27) with early mortality following cardiac surgery, even after adjustment for co-morbidity and postoperative complications.