Measure Description
Percentage of all stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), stress echocardiogram (ECHO), cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) performed in asymptomatic, low coronary heart disease (CHD) risk patients 18 years and older for initial detection and risk assessment
Instructions
This measure is to be submitted once per procedure of cardiac stress imaging (i.e., SPECT, MPI, ECHO, CCTA, and CMR) for patients seen during the performance period. There is no diagnosis associated with this measure. It is anticipated that Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) eligible clinicians who provide the professional component of diagnostic imaging studies for cardiac stress will submit this measure.
Measure Submission Type:
Measure data may be submitted by individual MIPS eligible clinicians, groups, or third party intermediaries. The listed denominator criteria is used to identify the intended patient population. The numerator options included in this specification are used to submit the quality actions as allowed by the measure. The quality-data codes listed do not need to be submitted by MIPS eligible clinicians, groups, or third party intermediaries that utilize this modality for submissions; however, these codes may be submitted for those third party intermediaries that utilize Medicare Part B claims data. For more information regarding Application Programming Interface (API), please refer to the Quality Payment Program (QPP) website.
Denominator
All instances of stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), stress echocardiogram (ECHO), cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA), or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) performed on patients aged 18 years and older during the performance period
Denominator Criteria (Eligible Cases):
Patients aged ≥ 18 years on date of encounter
AND
Cardiac Stress Imaging Performed – Procedure Codes (CPT): 75559, 75563, 75571, 75572, 75573, 75574, 78451, 78452, 78453, 78454, 78491, 78492, 78494, 93350, 93351
Numerator
Number of stress SPECT MPI, stress echo, CCTA, or CMR primarily performed for asymptomatic, low CHD risk patients for initial detection and risk assessment
Definition:
Low CHD risk – clinicians should consider the maximum number of available patient factors used to estimate risk based on Framingham (ATP III criteria), typically age, gender, diabetes, smoking status, and use of blood pressure medication, and integrate age appropriate estimates for missing elements, such as LDL or standard blood pressure.
Numerator Instructions:
INVERSE MEASURE - A lower calculated performance rate for this measure indicates better clinical care or control. The “Performance Not Met” numerator option for this measure is the representation of the better clinical quality or control. Submitting that numerator option will produce a performance rate that trends closer to 0%, as quality increases. For inverse measures, a rate of 100% means all of the denominator eligible patients did not receive the appropriate care or were not in proper control.
NUMERATOR NOTE: A lower calculated performance rate for this measure indicates better clinical care or control. This measure is assessing overuse of cardiac stress imaging in low-risk CHD patients. Clinical quality outcome is cardiac stress imaging NOT performed on patient who is asymptomatic or low CHD risk.
Numerator Options:
Performance Met: Cardiac Stress Imaging Test primarily performed on low CHD risk patient for initial detection and risk assessment (G8965)
OR
Performance Not Met: Cardiac Stress Imaging Test performed on symptomatic or higher than low CHD risk patient or for any reason other than initial detection and risk assessment (G8966)
Rationale
Diagnostic testing, such as stress SPECT MPI, stress echocardiography, CCTA, and CMR, is used to detect disease and provide risk assessment used to modify treatment strategies and approaches. Information provided by such testing can initiate, modify and stop further treatments for coronary heart disease (medications and revascularization) which have an impact on patient outcomes. In addition, false positives and false negatives can adversely impact the patient and their treatment outcomes. Lastly, radiation from stress SPECT MPI poses a minimal but still important consideration for patient safety. Ensuring proper patient selection can avoid using resources in patients not expected to benefit from the testing and for which the associated risks would be unnecessary.
Clinical Recommendation Statements
2002 Stable Angina Guideline
“Asymptomatic patients with abnormal findings on ambulatory ECG or EBCT who are able to exercise can be evaluated with exercise ECG testing, although the efficacy of exercise ECG testing in asymptomatic patients is not well established. Stress imaging procedures (i.e., either stress myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography) are generally not indicated in most such patients.”
AUC Indications
2013 ACCF/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS multimodality appropriate use criteria for the detection and risk assessment of stable ischemic heart disease (J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Feb 4;63(4):380-406)
Indication 7: Asymptomatic (Without Symptoms or Ischemic Equivalent): Low global CHD risk: Regardless of ECG interpretability and ability to exercise – Rarely Appropriate
2008 Appropriateness Criteria for Stress Echocardiography Indication 11: Detection of CAD and Risk Assessment: Asymptomatic (without Chest Pain Syndrome or Anginal Equivalent): Low CHD risk (Framingham risk criteria) - Inappropriate (1)
2009 Appropriate Use Criteria for Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging Indication 12: Detection of CAD/Risk Assessment Without Ischemic Equivalent: Asymptomatic: Low CHD risk (ATP III risk criteria) - Inappropriate (1)
2006 Appropriateness Criteria for CCT and CMR Indication 10 - Detection of CAD: Asymptomatic (Use of CCTA) (Without Chest Pain Syndrome): Asymptomatic: Low CHD risk (Framingham risk criteria) - Inappropriate (1)
2002 Chronic Stable Angina Guideline Class III
Recommendations for Cardiac Stress Imaging as the Initial Test for Diagnosis in Asymptomatic Patients
- Exercise or dobutamine echocardiography in asymptomatic patients with left bundle-branch block. (Level of Evidence: C)
- Exercise myocardial perfusion imaging, exercise echocardiography, adenosine or dipyridamole myocardial perfusion imaging, or dobutamine echocardiography as the initial stress test in an asymptomatic patient with a normal rest ECG who is not taking digoxin. (Level of Evidence: C)
- Adenosine or dipyridamole myocardial perfusion imaging or dobutamine echocardiography in asymptomatic patients who are able to exercise and do not have left bundle-branch block or electronically paced ventricular rhythm. (Level of Evidence: C)